胶体金在地沟油快速检测中的创新应用

实验证明与地沟油反应的胶体金溶液颜色更深,透光度低。胶体金能够定性地检测、分辨食用油与地沟油。     

CZTSe/Cd1-xZnxS界面能带结构研究

严重的开路电压损耗是限制铜锌锡硫(硒)薄膜太阳电池性能提升的关键问题,其吸收层和缓冲层界面的能带结构有待进一步优化.针对此问题,本文对CZTSe/Cd1-xZnxS界面的能带结构进行了研究.首先,模拟计算了化学水浴法制备Cd1-xZnxS薄膜所需的溶液体系条件,通过椭偏仪和SEM测试结果分析了不同Cd/Zn比例的Cd1-xZnxS缓冲层形貌、光学特性以及禁带宽度.然后,对CZTSe/Cd1-xZnxS界面进行了XPS测试分析,发现CZTSe/Cd0.9Zn01S界面最为匹配,其导带失调值约为0.3 eV.最后对电池器件进行了制备与测试,得到的CZTSe/Cd0.9Zn0.1S结构的太阳电池比CZTSe/CdS结构具有更高的开路电压,达到了394 mV,转换效率达到了5.78;.     

A numerical approach for pressure transient analysis of a vertical well with complex fractures

A new well test model for a vertical fractured well is developed based on a discrete-fracture model in which the fractures are discretized as one dimensional (1-D) entities. The model overcomes the weakness of complex meshing, a large number of grids, and instability in conventional stripe-fracture models. Then, the discrete-fracture model is implemented using a hybrid element finite-element method. Triangular elements are used for matrix and line elements for the fractures. The finite element formulation is validated by comparing with the semi-analytical solution of a single ver-tical fractured well. The accuracy of the approach is shown through several examples with different fracture apertures, fracture conductivity, and fracture amount. Results from the discrete-fracture model agree reasonably well with the stripe-fracture model and the analytic solutions. The advantages of the discrete-fracture model are presented in mesh gen-eration, computational improvement, and abilities to handle complex fractures like wedge-shaped fractures and fractures with branches. Analytical results show that the number of grids in the discrete-fracture model is 10%less than stripe-fracture model, and computational efficiency increases by about 50%. The more fractures there are, the more the com-putational efficiency increases.     

Theoretical and numerical analysis of the corneal air puff test

Ocular analyzers are used in the current clinical practice to estimate, by means of a rapid air jet, the intraocular pressure and other eye's parameters. In this study, we model the biomechanical response of the human cornea to the dynamic test with two approaches. In the first approach, the corneal system undergoing the air puff test is regarded as a harmonic oscillator. In the second approach, we use patient-specific geometries and the finite element method to simulate the dynamic test on surgically treated corneas. In spite of the different levels of approximation, the qualitative response of the two models is very similar, and the most meaningful results of both models are not significantly affected by the inclusion of viscosity of the corneal material in the dynamic analysis. Finite element calculations reproduce the observed snap-through of the corneal shell, including two applanate configurations, and compare well with in vivo images provided by ocular analyzers, suggesting that the mechanical response of the cornea to the air puff test is actually driven only by the elasticity of the stromal tissue. These observations agree with the dynamic characteristics of the test, since the frequency of the air puff impulse is several orders of magnitude larger than the reciprocal of any reasonable relaxation time for the material, downplaying the role of viscosity during the fast snap-through phase.     

Residual stress in the cylindrical drawing cup of SUS304 stainless steel evaluated by split-ring test

The residual stresses in the wall of a SUS304 stainless steel cylindrical drawing cup were evaluated by split-ring tests, and the influences of stamping die parameters on the residual stress were investigated. A new theoretical model of a split-ring test was developed to evaluate the residual stress in a ring, which was verified to be reasonable and reliable by numerical simulations with ABAQUS code and by nanoindentation tests. Seven groups of split-ring tests were completed, and the residual stresses were calculated according to the theoretical model. The split-ring test results showed that the circumferential residual stress in the wall of the SUS304 stainless steel cylindrical drawing cup was very large and did not change with the different die corner radius.The circumferential residual stress first increased with the increase of drawing punch–die clearance, then was almost unchanged when the clearance increased greater than blank thickness 1 mm. Thus, a smaller clearance was suggested to be chosen to reduce the residual stress in the wall of the SUS304 stainless steel drawing cup.     

基于MEMS压阻传感器的低功耗高过载测试系统设计

为了检验弹体在高冲击环境下的工作情况,提出了一种基于压阻传感器的高过载、低功耗的测试系统设计方案。该系统可承受2×105g的过载冲击测试,且具有采样率高、体积小、功耗低的特点。通过打靶实验验证:在过载测试过程中该系统具有承受高冲击的能力,并能精确地采集到信号微弱变化,保证了弹体在飞行中记录数据的准确性。     

基于巴西劈裂法的饱水煤样能量耗散特征研究

为研究饱水煤样拉伸破坏过程中的能量耗散规律,利用RMT-150B岩石力学实验系统对赵固二矿二1煤层煤样在自然和饱水状态下进行巴西圆盘劈裂实验,探讨了自然与饱水状态下煤样的应力、强度及能量变化。结果表明:巴西劈裂实验时,加载过程应力-时间关系与实验控制方式有关。采用载荷控制方式时,峰值前拉应力与时间呈良好线性关系,达到峰值时应力瞬间跌落为零,表现出明显脆性破坏特征;采用变形控制方式时峰值前拉应力与时间呈非线性关系,峰值后出现分次破坏特征;采用两种控制方式在巴西圆盘劈裂实验破坏前没有本质区别;两种状态下不同层位煤样抗拉强度和峰值能率存在差异,自然状态下层位煤样抗拉强度较高(1.80MPa),中层位煤样抗拉强度较低(1.23MPa),上层位煤样抗拉强度介于两者之间(1.52MPa),饱水后上中下层位煤样的抗拉强度和峰值能率均有不同程度降低,抗拉强度平均软化系数分别为0.65,0.61和0.61,平均峰值能率降幅为36.0%,56.1%和40.6%;两种状态下煤样抗拉强度与峰值能率大致呈线性关系,表明抗拉强度越高的煤样,能量耗散越少,煤样抗拉强度越低,能量耗散越多。     

基于DIC的受载砂土颗粒体系的细观参数及运动分析

本文结合DIC方法对砂土体系进行可视化的直剪试验。通过对所采集的数字图片进行预处理,得到利于计算砂土体系细观参数的优质图片,经过图像分割和区域标记,最后利用MATLAB计算得到体系孔隙率、定向率和各向异性率等细观参数。对图像进行DIC计算分析,得到砂土颗粒体系的位移等值线云图,分析了体系内的砂土颗粒在直剪试验中的运动情况,并定性描述了位移突变对体系部分力链传递过程的影响。     

反复荷载下型钢再生混凝土组合柱粘结性能研究

为研究反复荷载下型钢再生混凝土组合柱粘结性能,对17个组合柱进行了拟静力试验。重点分析型钢翼缘应变分布特征,利用粘结应力计算公式获取型钢翼缘粘结应力大小及其分布规律。在此基础上,分析组合柱粘结破坏机理和位移荷载循环次数对其粘结应力的影响规律,并给出粘结应力退化率计算公式。研究结果表明:反复荷载作用下型钢再生混凝土组合柱粘结应力分布规律基本呈抛物线状;柱中部附近的粘结应力最大,柱上下端粘结应力分布复杂,需对这三个部位采取相应的措施以保证型钢与再生混凝土之间的粘结强度;位移循环荷载作用下粘结强度逐渐降低,出现粘结应力退化现象。研究结论可为型钢再生混凝土组合柱的抗震设计提供理论参考。     

陆用定位定向系统定位精度标准检测线设计

定位定向系统是自行火炮的核心设备,其定位精度直接影响火控系统射击诸元计算的准确性,是关键的战术技术指标。针对定位定向系统的定位精度在不同路线上的试验结果表现出的较大差异且陆用定位定向系统鉴定领域检测线不规范等问题,研究定位定向系统的定位误差产生机理,根据里程计标度因数误差和航向角误差这两种主要误差与定位误差定量关系,分析检测路形、路况对定位精度的影响,并通过行车实验验证了理论分析的准确性。考虑到建造成本和试验成本的实际问题,同时兼顾测试效率和工程可实现性,设计了一条简洁等效定位精度标准检测线,提出了定位定向系统定位精度试验场建设方案和选取最优原则,为科学鉴定定位定向系统的定位精度提供理论依据。